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| KYNURENIC ACID Basic information |
| KYNURENIC ACID Chemical Properties |
| Melting point | 275 °C (dec.)(lit.) | | Boiling point | 324.41°C (rough estimate) | | density | 1.3175 (rough estimate) | | refractive index | 1.5400 (estimate) | | storage temp. | Sealed in dry,Room Temperature | | form | Off-white to tan powder. | | pka | 1.08±0.30(Predicted) | | color | White to Gray to Brown | | Water Solubility | 8.92g/L(100 ºC) | | Merck | 14,5327 | | BRN | 147451 | | CAS DataBase Reference | 492-27-3(CAS DataBase Reference) | | EPA Substance Registry System | 2-Quinolinecarboxylic acid, 4-hydroxy- (492-27-3) |
| Hazard Codes | Xi | | Risk Statements | 36/37/38 | | Safety Statements | 26-36 | | WGK Germany | 3 | | RTECS | UZ9300000 |
| KYNURENIC ACID Usage And Synthesis |
| Uses | A product of L-Tryptophan metabolism, possessing neruoactive activity having antiexcitotoxic and anticonvulsant properties. | | Uses | An antagonist of NMDA and AMPA/kainate receptors | | Uses | Kynurenic acid has been used as a constituent in dissection saline solution for embryonic cerebral cortical cells and human primary astrocytes. It has also been used as a medium supplement for murine intestinal epithelial cell line, MODE-K and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons cells. | | Biological Activity | Broad spectrum EAA antagonist. | | Biochem/physiol Actions | Kynurenic acid (KynA) is a non-selective antagonist of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and kainate receptors. It blocks kainic acid neurotoxicity. Kynurenic acid also blocks nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is a by-product of tryptophan catabolic pathway. Kynurenic acid is a neuromodulator and controls the levels of glutamate, dopamine, acetylcholine and α-aminobutyric acid (GABA). KynA controls neuroendocrine functions and altered levels of KynA is a potential marker in depression, schizophrenia Alzheimer′s and Huntington′s diseases. Normal levels of KynA in the brain is crucial for the cognitive function. | | Purification Methods | Crystallise the acid from absolute EtOH. The methyl ester crystallises from MeOH with m 224-226o. [Greenstein & Winitz The Chemistry of the Amino Acids J. Wiley, Vol 3 p2723 1961, Beilstein 22 II 174, 22 III/IV 2245, 22/6 V 280.] |
| KYNURENIC ACID Preparation Products And Raw materials |
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