THAM (Tris) is a low-toxicity amino alcohol buffer, a specific CO 2 -consuming proton acceptor that buffers carbon dioxide and acid both in vitro and in vivo. THAM binds protons to form bicarbonate, reduces PaCO 2 , and induces intracellular alkalization, thereby ameliorating hypercapnia-induced elevation of pulmonary blood vessels and pulmonary arterial pressure. THAM may cause PaCO 2 rebound, hypoglycemia, and respiratory depression. THAM removes amniotic epithelium and preserves the basement membrane, but depletes extracellular matrix and reduces the adhesion rate of limbal epithelial cells. THAM can act as a CO 2 carrier to enhance the productivity and carbon utilization rate of Scenedesmus obliquus . THAM is a key component of buffer solutions used in various biological, cell culture , biochemical, and molecular biology applications.
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