Brazilein is a compound with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities, with an IC 50 of 500 μM against guinea pig Na + ,K + -ATPase . Brazilein reduces iNOS mRNA expression, thereby inhibiting nitric oxide production in immune cells. Brazilein suppresses inflammatory responses by reducing the mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6 , but has no effect on IL-1β expression. Brazilein reduces the cerebral infarction volume and improves the neurological function scores of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Brazilein induces apoptosis of splenic lymphocytes in mice. Brazilein inhibits humoral immune responses in mice, and causes thymus and spleen atrophy as well as body weight loss in mice. Brazilein also possesses antimalarial and antibacterial activities. Brazilein is also a red dye. Brazilein can be used in studies related to the infection , nervous system, cardiovascular system and inflammatory diseases.
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