Methyl succinate is a mitochondrial complex II substrate. Methyl succinate can bypass the inhibition of complex I by Metformin ( HY-B0627 ), restore mitochondrial electron transfer, and reduce AMPK phosphorylation. Methyl succinate is capable of protecting MIN6 β-cells and primary rat β-cells from biguanide-induced toxicity and apoptosis in vitro. Methyl succinate can be used in the research of diseases such as diabetes mellitus.
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