| Silicon carbide Basic information |
| Uses |
| Product Name: | Silicon carbide |
| Synonyms: | Silicon carbide -400 Mesh particle size, >=97.5%;carborun;silicon carbide, 400 grinding compound, 2oz;silicon carbide, 600 grinding compound, 2oz;silicon carbide, needles;CARBORUNDUM BOILING CHIPS 14 MESH;CARBORUNDUM BOILING CHIPS 20 MESH;CARBORUNDUM BOILING CHIPS 4 MESH |
| CAS: | 409-21-2 |
| MF: | CSi |
| MW: | 40.1 |
| EINECS: | 206-991-8 |
| Product Categories: | metal borides and carbides;Inorganics;Carbides;Ceramics;Metal and Ceramic Science;CarbidesMaterials Science;14: Si;Nanomaterials;Nanoparticles: Oxides, Nitrides, and Other CeramicsNanomaterials;Nanopowders and Nanoparticle Dispersions |
| Mol File: | 409-21-2.mol |
| Silicon carbide Chemical Properties |
| Melting point | 2700 °C (lit.) |
| density | 3.22 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| refractive index | 2.6500 |
| solubility | Soluble in molten sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and in molten iron. |
| form | nanopowder |
| color | Green |
| Specific Gravity | 3.22 |
| Water Solubility | Soluble in molten alkalis (NaOH, KOH) and molten iron. Insoluble in water. |
| Hydrolytic Sensitivity | 1: no significant reaction with aqueous systems |
| Crystal Structure | Cubic, Sphalerite Structure - Space Group F(-4)3m |
| Merck | 14,8492 |
| Exposure limits | ACGIH: TWA 10 mg/m3; TWA 3 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 fiber/cm3OSHA: TWA 15 mg/m3; TWA 5 mg/m3NIOSH: TWA 10 mg/m3; TWA 5 mg/m3 |
| Stability: | Stability |
| InChIKey | HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| IARC | 2A (Vol. 111) 2017 |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Silicon monocarbide(409-21-2) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Silicon carbide (409-21-2) |
| Safety Information |
| Hazard Codes | Xi |
| Risk Statements | 36/37/38 |
| Safety Statements | 26-36 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | VW0450000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 28492000 |
| Hazardous Substances Data | 409-21-2(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| MSDS Information |
| Provider | Language |
|---|---|
| Silicon carbide | English |
| SigmaAldrich | English |
| ALFA | English |
| Silicon carbide Usage And Synthesis |
| Uses | Silicon carbide (SiC), nearly as hard as diamonds, is used as an abrasive in grinding wheels and metal-cutting tools, for lining furnaces, and as a refractory in producing nonferrous metals. |
| Description | Silicon carbide is a hard covalently bonded material predominantly produced by the carbothermal reduction of silica. Silicon carbide is made by heating silica sand and petroleum coke packed around electrodes in an electric resistance furnace to above 2200°C. Depending on the exact reaction conditions the resulting silicon carbide is either a fine powder or a bonded mass that requires crushing and milling to produce a usable feedstock. This material is very resistant to abrasion and to corrosion with a molten slag. It also has excellent resistance to thermal spalling. However as it is a carbide, it will oxidise readily, silicon carbide has a fairly high conductivity. Several hundred structures of silicon carbide (polytypes) have been identified which have different stacking arrangements for the silicon and carbon atoms. The simplest structure is a diamond structure which is designated /3-SiC. Other structures are either hexagonal or rhombic and are referred to as a-SiC. |
| Chemical Properties | Silicon carbide is a yellow to green to bluishblack, iridescent crystalline substance. Colorless when pure. |
| Chemical Properties | light grey powder |
| Physical properties | the properties of silicon carbide are that it is a refractory material (high melting point), it has excellent thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion, consequently it displays good thermal shock resistance. In addition, the high hardness, corrosion resistance and stiffness lead to a wide range of applications where wear and corrosion resistance are primary performance requirements. Silicon carbide possesses interesting electrical properties due to its semiconductor characteristics, the resistance of different compositions varying by as much as seven orders of magnitude. |
| Characteristics | Silicon carbide is a premium-priced unit which is employed in lining work for its uniformity, abrasion resistance and dimensional stability. It is resistant to most organics, inorganic acids, alkalis and salts in a variety of concentrations except to hydrofluoric acid and acid fluorides. The permeable units have the lowest resistance. |
| Uses | ▼ ▲
Industry
Application
Role/benefit
Abrasive machining processes
Processing of glass, ceramic, stone, refractory, hard alloy, etc.
Abrasive and cutting tools/durability and low cost
Electronic
Light-emitting diodes
Component/electroluminescence property
Semiconductor devices
Component/has wide forbidden band (2.86 EV) and p and n two conductive types
Electric systems
Gapped SiC lightning arresters
Resistance/voltage-dependent property
Sic switches and SiC Schottky diodes
Raw material/anti high-temperature and high-voltage properties
Ceramics
Hard ceramics used for composite armor, bulletproof vests, etc.
Raw material/low density and high strength
Temperature ceramics
Raw material/has high intensity at High temperature
Astronomy
Astronomical telescopes
Mirror material/low thermal expansion coefficient, high hardness, rigidity and thermal conductivity
Aerospace
Gas filter and combustion chamber nozzle
Raw material/anti high-temperature property
Silicon carbide fibre
Reinforcing of metal,resin,alloy,glass,etc.
Reinforcing material/helps to improve all kinds of features
Heat shield material, high temperature filter cloth and conveyor belt
Raw material/anti high-temperature property
Automobile
Brake discs
Ingredient/helps to increase temperature resistance
Sintered form for diesel particulate filters
Ingredient/anti high-temperature property
Oil additive
Helps to educe friction, emissions, and harmonics
Carbon
Graphene production
Raw material
Manufacture of biochar
Coating material/helps to improve the Hardness, strength and wear resistance
Alchemy blast furnace brick
Raw material/anti high-temperature property
Graphite electrode production
Coating component/increase the coating capacity of rapid temperature change
Others
Thin filament pyrometry
Filament material/anti high-temperature property
Nuclear fuel particles
Ingredient/anti high-temperature property
Nuclear fuel cladding
Synthetic moissanite gemstone
Raw material/similar to diamond in several important respects
Steel production
Additional fuel/allows the furnace to process more scrap with the same charge of hot metal
Catalyst support
Support material/large surface area
Carborundum printmaking
Paste material for ink plate
|
| Uses | Silicon carbide is widely used as an abrasive in grinding and cutting glasses; in polishing glass and sharpening stones. It is used in the manufacture of porcelain, refractory brick, furnace linings, and emery paper. The compound also is used in semiconductor technology. |
| Uses | Manufacture of abrasives and refractories, brake linings, heating elements, and thermistors. |
| Production Methods | Silicon carbide, also known by the trade name Carborundum, has been manufactured and used as an abrasive material for more than a century. It combines desirable properties of hardness and thermal resistance. It is produced by heating high-grade silica sand with finely ground carbon at 2400°C in an electric furnace. In its powdered or granular form, it has been used as the abrasive material in “paper and wheels.” It is used as an abrasive in sandblasting and engraving. It has been incorporated into ceramics and glass and especially into refractory ceramic materials. |
| Preparation | Silicon carbide is prepared by fusing a mixture of silica (sand) and carbon (coke) with some salt and saw dust in an electric arc furnace at 3000°C. SiO2(Sand)+3C(Coke)--(3000℃)--Sic+2CO Salt and saw dust is added to infuse air into the product so that it can be broken into pieces easily. The product obtained is first washed with strong acid followed by strong base to remove basic and acidic impurities respectively. Finally, it is washed with water. |
| Definition | Bluish-black, iridescent crystals. Insoluble in water and alcohol; soluble in fused alkalies and molten iron. Excellent thermal conductivity, electrically conductive, resists oxida- tion at high temperatures. Noncombustible, a nui- sance particulate. |
| General Description | Yellow to green to bluish-black, iridescent crystals. Sublimes with decomposition at 2700°C. Density 3.21 g cm-3. Insoluble in water. Soluble in molten alkalis (NaOH, KOH) and molten iron. |
| Reactivity Profile | Silicon carbide is non-combustible. Generally unreactive. Soluble in molten alkalis (NaOH, KOH) and in molten iron. |
| Hazard | Upper respiratory tract irritant. Probable carcinogen. |
| Health Hazard | Silicon carbide, in certain forms, may be a cause of pneumoconiosis in exposed workers. Silicon carbide has generally been considered to be an inert dust with little adverse effect on the lungs. |
| Flammability and Explosibility | Nonflammable |
| Industrial uses | Silicon carbide is one of the very few totally man-made minerals used in refractory work. These are: Oxide-bonded-(S102, A1201, Si02 or silicate glass), silicon oxynitride (Si2 ON2), silicon nitride (S13N4) The first three of these four bonding systems result in a permeable product, and when failure occurs in such masonry systems due to chemical degradation, it is usually due to attack on the bond. Thus, permeable units (where the corrodent penetrates the mass) are far more rapidly damaged. Self-bonded”—(silicon carbide to silicon carbide) impermeable ones, where the attack is limited to the surface. The self-bonded product can be manufactured by either of two methods: reaction bonded or sintered. Both will produce an impermeable unit, and they have roughly comparable chemical resistances, but they do not have identical physical properties. |
| Safety Profile | Suspected carcinogen with experimental neoplastigenic data. A nuisance dust. |
| Potential Exposure | A potential danger to those involved in the manufacture of silicon carbide abrasives, refractories, and semiconductors. Silicon carbide fibers are also produced in fibrous form as reinforcing fibers for composite materials. |
| Incompatibilities | Dust may form explosive mixture with air. Sublimes with decomposition @ 2700C. |
| Waste Disposal | Landfill |
| References | 1.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_carbide#Uses 2.http://www.softschools.com/formulas/chemistry/silicon_carbide_uses_properties_structure_formula/282/ 3.https://www.britannica.com/science/silicon-carbide 4.http://accuratus.com/silicar.html 5.https://www.intechopen.com/books/mostdownloaded/silicon-carbide-materials-processing-and-applications-in-electronic-devices 6.https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=3271 7.http://www.chemicalbook.com/productchemicalpropertiescb2431905.htm |
| Silicon carbide Preparation Products And Raw materials |
| Raw materials | CARBON MONOXIDE-->Hydrogen Sulfide-->Graphite-->Carbon Black-->Quartz-->Argon-->Silicon dioxide-->Tetrachlorosilane-->Dichlorodimethylsilane-->Silica, fumed-->Methyltrichlorosilane-->Silicon nitride-->1,3-Bis(Chloromethyl)-1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane-->silicon carbide fiber-->carbosilane |
| Preparation Products | ETHYLENE OXIDE-->Carbon tetrafluoride |
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