Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA) is one of the main components (accounting for approximately 12%) of natural moisturizing factors (NMF) in the mammalian epidermal stratum corneum, and it is produced by the degradation of filaggrin. It exhibits multiple biological activities such as skin moisturization, central GABA release, anxiolysis, and auxiliary ethanol metabolism. The content of Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid correlates with the clinical severity of atopic dermatitis lesions, skin barrier function, and inflammation levels, and shows a negative correlation with the expression of TNF-α and IL-13 . Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid can serve as a key skin biomarker for skin barrier function and health.
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