Halcinonide (SQ-18566) is an orally active Smoothened ( Smo ) agonist. Halcinonide activates the Hedgehog signaling pathway by binding to Smo and promoting its internalization and expression, thereby activating Gli transcription factors. Halcinonide not only stimulates cell proliferation, increases the expression of cyclin D2/CDK6 and inhibits the degradation of caspase-3 , but also suppresses Bcl-2/Bax -mediated apoptosis , oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Halcinonide activates RxRγ to upregulate the expression of myelin genes, thereby reducing cerebral infarction and improving behavioral deficits. Halcinonide has been used in studies related to multiple sclerosis and ischemic stroke.
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