Xanthomicrol is extracted from the resin of the plant called Chinese bellflower (a member of the Scrophulariaceae family) and is a monoamine oxidase ( MAOs ) inhibitor. Xanthomicrol has anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties, with IC 50 values of 0.88 and 1.69 μg/mL in HL60 and K562 cells. Xanthomicrol's the main metabolite of 5DT in mouse colon, and it can reduce levels of iNOS protein and mRNA , as well as COX-2 protein levels. Additionally, Xanthomicrol decreases the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and induces the expression of the antioxidant enzyme HO-1 .
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