4-Octylphenol is a hormone disruptor that has gender-specific effects on male reproductive cells, significantly reducing the mitotic index and the number of spermatogonia. 4-Octylphenol can cause inflammatory damage to fish gills by activating the complement system through the C3a/C3aR axis and the C5a/C5aR1 axis, this leads to complement activation and causes immune suppression due to the imbalance between Th1/Th2 cells and regulatory T cells (Treg)/Th17 cells, as well as inflammatory damage via the Toll-like receptor 7 ( Toll-like Receptor (TLR) )/IκBα/ NF-κB pathway.
Products | Products > Disease Areas > Inflammation or Immune System Disease | Products > Signaling Pathways > Immunology/Inflammation | Products > Signaling Pathways > NF-κB | Products > Research Areas > Inflammation/Immunology | Products > Signaling Pathways > Complement System | Products > Signaling Pathways > Toll-like Receptor (TLR) | Products > Signaling Pathways > NF-κB
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