Chalcomoracin is an orally active anticancer agent. Chalcomoracin exhibits anticancer , antibacterial , and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, with an IC 50 of 14.23 µM against yeast α-glucosidase and an IC 50 of 5.5 μM against FabI of Staphylococcus aureus . Chalcomoracin reduces the phosphorylation levels of ERK , JNK , and P38 ; enhances the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 ; regulates the MAPK , mTOR , AKT , and p53 signaling pathways; upregulates the expression of Chop , Bip , PINK1 , GRP78 , and GADD153 ; and downregulates the expression of Alix . Chalcomoracin induces apoptosis ( apoptosis ), endoplasmic reticulum stress ( endoplasmic reticulum stress ), paraptosis ( paraptosis ), ROS production, mitophagy ( mitophagy ), and autophagy ( autophagy ); it inhibits cancer cell viability, colony-forming ability, migration, invasion, proliferation, tumorigenesis, fatty acid synthesis, S. aureus growth, vitreous-stimulated retinal cell activity, and cell cycle progression at the G0/G1 phase. Chalcomoracin can be used in research related to hepatocellular carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer , triple-negative breast cancer , prostate cancer , proliferative vitreoretinopathy, pancreatic cancer , diabetes, and bacterial infections.
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