Sitagliptin (MK-0431) hydrochloride is an orally active and highly selective DPP4 inhibitor with an IC 50 value of 19 nM. Sitagliptin hydrochloride blocks the degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1 ) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide ( GIP ) by competing inhibition mechanism ( Kᵢ = 1 nM), thereby increasing the level of active incretin. Sitagliptin hydrochloride can also directly stimulate the secretion of GLP-1 by intestinal L cells by activating the cAMP/PKA and ERK1/2 pathways, and this effect is independent of DPP-4 . Sitagliptin hydrochloride shows protective effects on pancreatic islet grafts in 1-type diabetes models. Sitagliptin hydrochloride can be used for the study of 1-type and 2-type diabetes.
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