L-Cystine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Cystine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Cystine, the extracellular form of L-Cysteine ( HY-Y0337 ), is a nutritionally dispensable semiessential sulfur-containing amino acid, occurring in proteins of plants and animals . L-Cystine induces Nrf2 protein elevation in a Keap1 ( HY-P75897 )-dependent manner and activates Nrf2 transcription factor. L-cystine can elicit cytoprotection by reducing ROS generation and protecting against oxidant- or doxorubicin-induced apoptosis . The reduced reabsorption of L-Cystine in renal tubules and its poor solubility in urine are the important causes of cystine precipitation and cystine crystal formation eventually leading to kidney stones. L-Cystine combined with L-theanine ( HY-15121 ) enhances the production of antigen-specific IgG by increasing glutathione (GSH) levels and T helper 2 (Th2) mediated responses in mice. L-Cystine is promising for research of cystinuria and cystinosis
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