S-Petasin is a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor with IC 50 values of 25.5 μM and 17.5 μM for PDE3 and PDE4 , respectively. S-Petasin inhibits cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, 11β-hydroxylase, PPAR-γ , and iNOS induction at RNA and protein levels. S-Petasin induces apoptosis , activates caspases , cleaves PARP , modulates mitochondrial membrane permeability, and regulates BCL2 / BAX , p53 , Bcl-XL , MMP-2 , MMP-9 , p21 , CDK4 , and cyclin D1 expression. S-Petasin reduces inflammatory cell accumulation, cytokine and IgE levels, and enhances serum IgG2a levels. S-Petasin relaxes isolated sensitized guinea pig trachealis and exhibits gastrointestinal anti-spasmodic activity. S-Petasin reduces tonsillitis severity and asthmatic attack frequency. S-Petasin can be used for the research of prostate cancer , obesity, melanoma, allergic asthma, asthma, and peritonitis.
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