Gliotoxin is a secondary metabolite, the most abundant mycotoxin secreted by A. fumigatus , inhibits the phagocytosis of macrophages and the immune functions of other immune cells . Gliotoxin inhibits inducible NF-κB activity by preventing IκB degradation, which consequently induces host-cell apoptosis . Gliotoxin activates PKA and increases intracellular cAMP concentration; modulates actin cytoskeleton rearrangement to facilitate A. fumigatus internalization into lung epithelial cells. Gliotoxin is a potent NOTCH2 transactivation inhibitor, can effectively induce apoptosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells.
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