(S)-β-Aminoisobutyric acid hydrochloride is a cytoprotective agent, which is a non-proteinogenic amino acid enantiomer derived from valine metabolism in skeletal muscle mitochondria. The plasma level of (S)-β-Aminoisobutyric acid hydrochloride increases significantly after acute aerobic exercise (and is not affected by the AGXT2 rs37369 genotype), and it is secreted by mouse extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles in ex vivo contraction assays. (S)-β-Aminoisobutyric acid hydrochloride specifically protects osteocytes from oxidative stress-induced cell death.
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