Sarmentine is a broad-spectrum contact herbicide and PSII inhibitor, with an IC 50 of 3.0 μM and a K i of 1.5 μM against spinach, an IC 50 of 1.72 μM against wild-type Amaranthus retroflexus , and an IC 50 of 0.97 μM against triazine-resistant Amaranthus retroflexus . Sarmentine competitively binds to the Q B binding site of plastoquinone on PSII , thereby blocking photosynthetic electron transport. Sarmentine inhibits enoyl-ACP reductase in Arabidopsis thaliana by targeting the early fatty acid synthesis process, with an IC 50 of 18.3 μM. Sarmentine induces light-independent loss of plasma membrane integrity and electrolyte leakage. Sarmentine also exhibits antiplasmodial, antimycobacterial, antituberculous, and antiplatelet aggregation activities.
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