Pongamol (Lanceolatin C) is an orally active flavonoid with an IC 50 of 75 μM and a K i of 58 μM against PTPase-1B , and an IC 50 of 103.5 μM against intestinal α-Glycosidase . Pongamol reduces the release of IL‑1β , TNF‑α , COX‑2 and iNOS in cells, reverses the nuclear translocation of NF‑κB , and upregulates the levels of Beclin 1 and LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ . Pongamol promotes glucose uptake by increasing the level of GLUT4 on the surface of skeletal muscle cells. Pongamol inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition by suppressing the FAK/Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. Pongamol inhibits neuronal cytotoxicity, suppresses cell a poptosis and extends the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans by activating the MAPKs/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Pongamol exerts hypoglycemic effects in diabetic mouse models. Pongamol exhibits antibacterial activity. Pongamol alleviates oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, Aβ deposition and excessive phosphorylation of Tau Protein , and restores autophagy function in Alzheimer's disease mouse models by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Pongamol is applicable to research related to Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes, non-small cell lung cancer and postprandial hyperglycemia.
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