Roburic acid acts as an anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and osteoclastogenesis inhibitor, with a K i of 7.066 μM against human TNF , an IC 50 of 9 μM against human COX-2 , and an IC 50 of 5 μM against ovine COX-1 . Roburic acid reduces the production of inflammatory mediators such as NO and IL-6 in macrophages by inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK (p38/JNK) pathways. By competitively inhibiting the TNF-TNF-R1 interaction, Roburic acid blocks the downstream NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. Roburic acid specifically inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by suppressing the RANKL/TRAF6/NF-κB/NFATc1 axis. Roburic acid can be used in research related to osteolytic diseases such as osteoporosis, colorectal cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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